Reported speech ( direct speech & indirect speech )

Terkadang kita perlu mengatakan apa yang telah dikatakan oleh orang lain. Ada dua cara untuk melakukan ini dalam bahasa Inggris, yakni direct speech dan reported speech.

Direct speech

Direct speech menyatakan ulang secara persis apa yang telah dikatakan oleh orang lain. Contoh:

• Jane said, “I’m so happy today”.
• The president said, “I need a vacation”.

Reported speech

Reported speech secara tidak langsung melaporkan apa yang dikatakan orang lain. Contoh:

• Jane said she was so happy today.
• The president said he needed a vacation.

Reported speech menggunakan bentuk lampau dari direct speech. Jadi jika direct speech dalam bentuk present tense, maka reported speech dalam bentuk past tense. Contoh:

Direct Speech - I said, “She is in her office.”
Reported Speech - I said she was in her office.

• verb berubah 

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Main verb past	Verb= berubah
Present = S+V1+O	Past = S+V2+O
Past = S+V2+O	Past perfect = S+had+V3+O
Present continouse = S+to be present+Ving+O	Past continouse = S+to be past+Ving+O
Past continouse = S+to be past+Ving+O	Past perfect continouse = S+had+been+Ving+O
Present future = S+modal present+V1+O	Past future = S+modal past+V1+O
Past future = S+modal past+V1+O	Past future perfect = S+modul past+have+V3+O
Present perfect = S+have,has+V3+O	Past perfect = S+had+V3+O
Past perfect = S+had+V3+O	Past perfect = S+had+V3+O
Present	Past